The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor. p53 monomers assemble into tetramers that bind to consensus sequences in the DNA and...
Category - Onkoview 2010
The naturally occurring retinoic acid isomers 13-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) influence processes of morphogenesis and...
The cell goes through typical stages between two cell divisions. The successive phases can be visualized as the so-called cell cycle. The cell cycle...
The term apoptosis describes the regulated and gradual death of a cell. In contrast to uncontrolled necrosis, apoptosis is limited to one or a few...
Receptor tyrosine kinases transmit signals from outside the cell via the membrane into the cytosol. After activation by an external factor, the...
The MAPK pathway is dysregulated in more than 50 % of all human tumors. The pathway starts with the activation of a receptor tyrosine kinase, which...
The phoshatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) can be activated by binding directly or via the protein IRS-1 to the activated receptor tyrosine kinase...
The second messenger PIP3 formed by PI3K can be hydrolyzed to PIP2 by the phosphatase PTEN. PIP2 can be hydrolyzed to diacyl glycerol (DAG) and...
The phosphatase PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 to PIP2, which can then be hydrolyzed to DAG and IP3. In addition, PTEN performs many other functions by...
In normal cells without a Wnt signal a cytosolic destruction complex phosphorylates the signaling protein b-catenin leading to its degradation...
