Epithelial cells are in contact with the extracellular matrix. This video shows the acinus of a mammary gland surrounded by connective tissue. Fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells are embedded in the connective tissue. After the malignant transformation of a mammary gland cell...
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This video shows the formation of a metastatic thrombus. Tissue Factor (TF) in the cell membrane of the tumor cells activates factor VII, which in turn activates factor X in association with factor V, calcium-ions and phospholipids (e.g. from platelets). Active factor X catalyzes the...
This video describes the bone loss through metastases of breast cancer. The CXCL12 chemokine formed by stromal cells of the bone marrow binds to the CXCR4 receptor of the tumor cells, which migrate into the bone marrow along the chemokine gradient. IL-11 stimulates the synthesis of RANKL...
