The phosphatase PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 to PIP2, which can then be hydrolyzed to DAG and IP3. In addition, PTEN performs many other functions by...
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In tumor cells of patients with congenital hamartoma syndromes such as Cowden syndrome (CS), tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) syndrome and Peutz...
In normal cells without a Wnt signal a cytosolic destruction complex phosphorylates the signaling protein b-catenin leading to its degradation...
The TGF-beta superfamily comprises several different extracellular factors. The factors bind to and activate the membrane-bound TGF-beta receptor...
The JAK/STAT pathway begins with the activation of a membrane bound cytokine receptor by interferon or another cytokine. The activated receptor...
In normal cells, activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway begins with the binding of the extracellular hedgehog protein to the membrane receptor...
