Tumors are usually of clonal origin, that is, they arise from a single cell. The monoclonality of tumors can be seen, for example, in multiple myeloma, a tumor of the plasma cells. In serum protein electrophoresis, antibodies migrate mainly in the gamma globulin fraction. Antibodies are...
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Tumors are usually of clonal origin, that is, they arise from a single cell. The monoclonality of tumors can be seen, for example, in multiple myeloma, a tumor of the plasma cells. In serum protein electrophoresis, antibodies migrate mainly in the gamma globulin fraction. Antibodies are...
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor. p53 monomers assemble into tetramers that bind to consensus sequences in the DNA and activate the transcription of p53 response genes. P53 target genes are involved in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and genomic...
The naturally occurring retinoic acid isomers 13-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) influence processes of morphogenesis and differentiation. The effect of retinoic acid is mediated via the retinoic acid receptors α, β and γ (RARα, RARβ, RARγ). In the absence of ligands...
The cell goes through typical stages between two cell divisions. The successive phases can be visualized as the so-called cell cycle. The cell cycle comprises two main phases, namely division, also called mitosis or M-phase, and the phase of DNA and protein synthesis, also called S-phase...
The passage of a cell through the cell cycle is regulated by various proteins. Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) phosphorylate several substrates such as transcription factors and cytoskeletal proteins, which leads to the transition of the cell into the next cell cycle phase. CDKs are...
The term apoptosis describes the regulated and gradual death of a cell. In contrast to uncontrolled necrosis, apoptosis is limited to one or a few cells and is not accompanied by inflammation. Through apoptosis, the organism can get rid of cells, which are non-functional or which are...
Receptor tyrosine kinases transmit signals from outside the cell via the membrane into the cytosol. After activation by an external factor, the receptor monomers dimerize and phosphorylate each other’s intracellular domains. Cytosolic proteins bind to the phosphorylated domains and...
The most important family of receptor tyrosine kinases is the family of the receptors for EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor). Activation of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase by extracellular EGF results in its dimerization and its autophosphorylation on its cytosolic domains. The phosphorylated...
Onkoview 2015
The EGF receptor tyrosine protein kinases and the therapy of tumors with activated EGF receptors – Part 1: Inhibition of receptor activation via antibodies
In many tumors, EGF receptors are over-activated, which leads to a stronger signal and a high rate of proliferation. In order to inhibit the signal and to reduce the rate of proliferation, the EGF receptors can be inhibited by antibodies. Prominent examples are Cetuximab and Trastuzumab...
Onkoview 2015
The EGF receptor tyrosine protein kinases and the therapy of tumors with activated EGF receptors – Part 2: Blocking of EGF receptor signaling via tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Tumors with activated EGF receptors can be treated with drugs that inhibit the kinase activity by binding to intracellular domains. Most of these drugs are ATP analogs that block ATP binding and thus prevent auto- and transphosphorylation by the intracellular receptor domains. Mutations...
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Tumors are usually of clonal origin, that is, they arise from a single cell. The monoclonality of tumors can be seen, for example, in multiple myeloma, a tumor of the plasma cells. In serum protein electrophoresis, antibodies migrate mainly in the gamma globulin fraction. Antibodies are...
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor. p53 monomers assemble into tetramers that bind to consensus sequences in the DNA and activate the...
The naturally occurring retinoic acid isomers 13-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) influence processes of morphogenesis and differentiation. The...
The cell goes through typical stages between two cell divisions. The successive phases can be visualized as the so-called cell cycle. The cell cycle comprises two main...
The passage of a cell through the cell cycle is regulated by various proteins. Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) phosphorylate several substrates such as transcription...
Layout A (with pagination)
Tumors are usually of clonal origin, that is, they arise from a single cell. The monoclonality of tumors can be seen, for example, in multiple myeloma, a tumor of the plasma cells. In serum protein electrophoresis, antibodies migrate mainly in the gamma globulin fraction. Antibodies are...
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor. p53 monomers assemble into tetramers that bind to consensus sequences in the DNA and activate the transcription of p53 response genes. P53 target genes are involved in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and genomic...
The naturally occurring retinoic acid isomers 13-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) influence processes of morphogenesis and differentiation. The effect of retinoic acid is mediated via the retinoic acid receptors α, β and γ (RARα, RARβ, RARγ). In the absence of ligands...
The cell goes through typical stages between two cell divisions. The successive phases can be visualized as the so-called cell cycle. The cell cycle comprises two main phases, namely division, also called mitosis or M-phase, and the phase of DNA and protein synthesis, also called S-phase...
The passage of a cell through the cell cycle is regulated by various proteins. Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) phosphorylate several substrates such as transcription factors and cytoskeletal proteins, which leads to the transition of the cell into the next cell cycle phase. CDKs are...
