The phosphatase PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 to PIP2, which can then be hydrolyzed to DAG and IP3. In addition, PTEN performs many other functions by binding to and...
Archive - September 2021
The naturally occurring retinoic acid isomers 13-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) influence processes of morphogenesis and differentiation. The...
The phoshatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) can be activated by binding directly or via the protein IRS-1 to the activated receptor tyrosine kinase. Alternatively, PI3K can...
Onkoview 2010
Effects of proteinases with metalloproteinase domains (MMPs, ADAMs) on tumour progression
By degradation of cell adhesion molecules, metalloproteases increase the motility of epithelial cells. Growth factors, which are bound to the plasma membrane, are...
Epithelial cells are in contact with the extracellular matrix. This video shows the acinus of a mammary gland surrounded by connective tissue. Fibroblasts, macrophages...
In normal cells without a Wnt signal a cytosolic destruction complex phosphorylates the signaling protein b-catenin leading to its degradation. In the presence of...
The term apoptosis describes the regulated and gradual death of a cell. In contrast to uncontrolled necrosis, apoptosis is limited to one or a few cells and is not...
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor. p53 monomers assemble into tetramers that bind to consensus sequences in the DNA and activate the...
This video shows the formation of a metastatic thrombus. Tissue Factor (TF) in the cell membrane of the tumor cells activates factor VII, which in turn activates factor...
This video describes the bone loss through metastases of breast cancer. The CXCL12 chemokine formed by stromal cells of the bone marrow binds to the CXCR4 receptor of...